Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of IA Verapamil in the Treatment of Joint Pain in Subjects with Osteoarthritis of the Knee.
Calosyn Pharma, Inc. Clinical Trial. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01645709, July 20, 2012. [PDF]
IL-1ß-induced production of metalloproteinases by synovial cells depends on gap-junction conductance during the early stage of signal transduction.
O.V. Kolomytkin, A.A. MARINO, D.D. Waddell, J.M. Mathis, R.E. Wolf, K.K. Sadasivan & J.A. Albright. Am. J. Physiol: Cell Physiol. 282: C1254–C1260, 2002. [PDF]
Increased intercellular communication through gap junctions may contribute to progression of osteoarthritis.
A.A. MARINO, D.D. Waddell, O.V. Kolomytkin, W.D. Meek, R. Wolf, K.K. Sadasivan & J.A. Albright. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 422: 224–232, 2004. [PDF]